Which of the following statements is the most accurate?

DNA makes RNA, which makes protein.
RNA makes DNA, which makes protein.
Protein makes RNA and DNA.
None of the above.

(2) QID: 14453
What is inheritance?

Inheritance is the way that organisms’ bodies change during their lifetime by use and disuse.
Inheritance is the way that genetically based traits are passed on from generation to generation.
Inheritance is the hypothesis that offspring will look exactly like their parents.
None of the above.

(3) QID: 14455
Up until the 1900’s many scientists believed that traits in offspring were a blend of parental traits. Why is this idea incorrect?

The idea of blending of traits would suggest that if a white flower and a red flower produce a purple flower then all the flowers in the world should be purple. In fact, we observe many different colors of flowers.
The idea of blending of traits suggests that if a purple flower is crossed with another purple flower all the offspring should be purple flowers. In fact, crossing purple flowers may produce red, white or purple offspring.
The idea of blending of traits makes no sense when we consider the great biological diversity on our planet.
All of these.

(4) QID: 14457
What is plant hybridization?

The process of crossing two genetically different parent plants to produce offspring with traits of both parents.
Allowing a plant to self fertilize to produce offspring with traits of the parent.
Plant hybridization is the breeding of plants to ensure, for example, that both a white male flowering plant crossed with a red female flowering plant and a white female flowering plant crossed with a red male flowering plant are identical.
Self-crossing plants to find the hardiest and most pest-resistant strains.

(5) QID: 14459
True or false?
An example of horticulture is crossing one plant that grows quickly with another plant that is pest resistant in the laboratory in order to produce offspring that both grow quickly and are pest resistant.

true
false

(6) QID: 14461
How was Mendel able to manipulate pea plants to determine the mechanism of inheritance?

Pea flower pollen is contained in the anther and can be removed from there and used to fertilize that plant's ovules, contained in the carpel.
Pea flower pollen is contained in the anther and can be removed from the plant and used to fertilize another flower's ovules contained in the carpel.
Pea flower ovules are contained in the anther and can be removed from the plant and used to fertilize the pollen in the carpel.
Mendel was able to grow pea flowers that lacked anthers and flowers that lacked carpels.

(7) QID: 14464
What was Joseph Kölreuter’s contribution to our understanding of heredity?

Kölreuter discovered that pollen is necessary for fertilization.
Kölreuter first developed techniques to artificially hybridize plants.
Kölreuter found that reciprocal crosses produce identical offspring.
Kölreuter discovered the mechanism of heredity.

(8) QID: 14471
Gregor Mendel’s study of what subject was crucial in his ability to analyze his hybridization experiments?

Geology
Alchemy
Genetics
Statistics

(9) QID: 14474
In the Origin of the Species, Charles Darwin was able to fully describe the mechanism of evolution because he understood Gregor Mendel’s paper on inheritance.

true
false

(10) QID: 14476
Put the following events in Mendel’s life in chronological order.
1. Mendel enters monastery.
2. Mendel studies statistics at the University of Vienna.
3. Mendel put in charge of the monastery gardens.
4. Mendel fails exam to become teacher.
5. Mendel gives talk describing his research.

1, 3, 2, 4, 5
4, 1, 2, 3, 5
1, 4, 2, 3, 5
1, 2, 4, 3, 5

(11) QID: 14477
True or false?
Mendel’s work filled such a large void in the understanding of genetics that it was no wonder it was hailed as a masterpiece when it was published in 1866.

true
false

(12) QID: 15975
Which of the following sums up Josef Köhlreuter’s main contribution to the field of genetics?

He determined that there are two genes controlling each trait.
He determined that both the male and female equally contribute to the appearance of traits in the offspring.
He determined that only plants with certain traits pass on their genes to the offspring.
He was the world’s first horticulturist.

(13) QID: 15988
What is the best explanation as to why the theory of “blending inheritance” was abandoned?

It could not explain how a cross between a white and red-flowered plant could produce a pink flowered plant.
It could not explain why offspring resemble their parents.
It did not offer an explanation as to how traits are passed on.
It could not explain how variation in individuals was maintained over time.

(14) QID: 28851
Which of the following is an example of a reciprocal cross?

(long female) × (short male)
(short male) × (long female)
(blue female) × (red male)
(purple female) × (blue male)
(tabby female) × (grey male)
(yellow male) × (green female)
(green male) × (yellow female)