Listed below are four adaptations of terrestrial vertebrates. Which is a characteristic only of truly terrestrial animals with no need to return to water at any stage of the life cycle?
a. tetrapod locomotion
b. hearts with more than two chambers
c. lungs
d. amniotic eggs
e. All of these are essential for a completely terrestrial existence.

Aresearcher discovered a species of moth that lays its eggs on oak trees. eggs are laid at two distinct times of the year: early in spring when the oak trees are flowering and in midsummer when flowering is past. caterpillars from eggs that hatch in spring feed on oak flowers and look like oak flowers. but caterpillars that hatch in summer feed on oak leaves and look like oak twigs.how does the same population of moths produce such different-looking caterpillars on the same trees? to answer this question, the biologist caught many female moths from the same population and collected their eggs. he put at least one egg from each female into eight identical cups. the eggs hatched, and at least two larvae from each female were maintained in one of the four temperature and light conditions listed below.in each of the four environments, one of the caterpillars was fed oak flowers, the other oak leaves. thus, there were a total of eight treatment groups (4 environments × 2 diets).which of the following is a testable hypothesis that would explain the differences in caterpillar appearance observed in this population? a) winter causes ugly caterpillar and trees.b) differences in diet trigger the development of different types of caterpillars.c) the longer day lengths of summer trigger the development of twig-like caterpillars.d) differences in air pressure, due to differences in elevation, trigger the development of different types of caterpillars.