The distribution of Na+ ions across a typical biological membrane is 10 mmol/L inside the cell and 140 mmol/L outside the cell. At equilibrium the concentrations would be equal, but in a living cell the ions are not at equilibrium.
A) What is the Gibbs free-energy difference for Na+ ions across the membrane at 37°C (normal body temperature)?
The concentration differential must be maintained by coupling to reactions that have at least that difference of Gibbs free energy.

1. emigration the movement of people from one place to another 2. immigration a situation in which resources are being used up at a faster rate than they can be replenished 3. migration the leaving of one's homeland to settle in a new place 4. overpopulation the movement of people to a new country 5. sustainable development a situation in which the birth rate is not sufficient to replace the existing population 6. underpopulation the ability to meet current needs without reducing the ability to meet future needs 7. unsustainable development the increase in the population of a city 8. urbanization a situation in which the number of people exceeds the available natural resources in an area

To determine if a particular plant is homozygous or heterozygous, you would have to test cross with a

In what cells is the human genome located?