To make an mRNA transcript from a gene, the RNA polymerase needs to 'know' where to start and to stop. What are the signals and proteins involved in initiating and terminating RNA polymerase activity in E. coli?

In E. coli promoter there are two consensus sequence which is located upstream to from the start site of the transcription. One consensus sequence is present at -10 and one at -35.  

These consensus sequences are necessary to be recognized to start the transcription. It is recognized by the sigma factor which is a part of RNA polymerase. After recognition transcription starts.

The termination of transcription occurs by a rho protein. Rho is ATP dependent RNA stimulated helicase which disrupts the complex of RNA-DNA and terminates transcription.

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