Imagine that you and your colleagues are working in a lab to develop a protein synthesis system for a new type of synthetic cell. During your brainstorming sessions, you propose that polycistronic mRNA inserted directly into the synthetic cell would be much more useful than mRNA that is only translated into one protein. This would allow for multiple proteins necessary for a particular function to be translated together. One of your colleagues says that is a good idea, but if you decide to go with polycistronic mRNA, you had better make sure to use a prokaryotic translation system. Why might it be problematic to use a eukaryotic translation system with polycistronic mRNA?

answer: carbon 14 can only be used to determine the age of the organisms that were once living, and igneous rocks are non living.

explanation:

carbon 14 dating is used to determine the age of the sample by estimating the amount of carbon 14 present in the sample and then comparing it with a reference standard.carbon 14 is a isotope of carbon which is radioactive and unstable. carbon 14 is assimilated by all plants and animals throughout their life from carbon dioxide. however, one the organisms die they stop this assimilation and the carbon 14 content starts to decrease.by knowing how much of carbon 14 is left in an organism after his death, one can estimate the age of the organism. the materials whose age can be estimated by carbon 14 method are the organic compounds. however, some inorganic compounds such as aragonite   shell can also be dated.however, if we consider the igneous rocks it is a non living component which never accumulated carbon 14 in it and thus, we cannot use carbon 14 dating method to estimate its age.

The answer would be d. pili