You are caring for a client who has just been told that they have stage IV colon cancer. The client asks you what ""stage IV"" means. What would be your best response?

Stage IV - There is a primary tumor, lymph node involvement and metastases.

Explanation:

Staging is the extent of spread of tumor within the patient.

The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) divides all cancers into Stages 0 - IV, incorporating into each stage several TNM (tumor/node/metastasis) stages usually with the same prognosis.  

Staging is essential in determining the patient prognosis.

The approximate 5-year survival rate for colorectal cancer patients of all stages is 64.4% (In the United States) and survival is inversely related to stage.

Surgery usually provides the only curative option for patients diagnosed with Stage IV colon cancer.

"a.) well–developed vascular system."

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