The pulmonary rehabilitation specialist is educating medical students on a respiratory disease process that causes a severe compromise in exhalation due to air trapping. Air trapping is caused by the loss of elastic recoil, especially in the alveoli, which occurs after overstretching in which disease?

the pulmonologist mainly talking about the after-effects of the pulmonary disease known as Emphysema or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

emphysema:                                        

The lungs constitute of tiny air sacs called alveoli, which are normally stretchy and like springy. during inhalation, the alveoli expand like tiny balloons and exhalation actually is a passive task (takes no effort) as the alveoli get back to their original size.        

In emphysema, the walls of the alveoli are damaged and lose their stretchiness and they do not empty easily. Emphysema can narrow the airways. emphysic alveoli narrow the airways due to both obstructive bronchiolitis and emphysema prevents the lungs from emptying normally causing the air to be trapped in the lungs and was not able to exhale the completely leading abnormal expansion or hyperinflation of the lungs. as a result, a person feels short of breathness.