Following the insertion of a central venous pressure line with IV 1000 mL D 5 in .45 normal saline at 100 mL/hour, the client reports dyspnea and chest pain. The LPN/LVN understands that the most probable cause of these symptoms includes which reason?

Molecules like glucose and amino acids are not lipid soluble, so cannot cross the cell membrane by simple diffusion. instead, they are shuttled across by carrier proteins in the membrane from high to low concentration. does this process require energy from the cell? this is an example of what type of molecular movement?