Household vinegar advances the fight against the crown of thorns starfish threat on Great Barrier Reef
ABC North Qld
By Kathleen Calderwood and Isobel Roe

Crown of thorns starfish (COTS) is a pest that eats coral tissues, posing a huge threat to the reef. Australian Institute of Marine Science research showed coral cover on surveyed reefs had declined by about 50% over the past 30 years, with COTS responsible for almost half of that decline. James Cook University scientist Lisa Boström-Einarsson searched for an eradication method for COTS that was cheap, easily available and safe for everything other than the starfish themselves. Her method involved injecting the COTS with 20 milliliters of household vinegar. The trial saw a 100% kill rate within 48 hours of injection. "I tried alcohol [first] and that did not work very well, and then I heard some rumors that some people had used vinegar but had not had very good results," Ms. Boström-Einarsson said. "So I refined the methods a little bit and then it turned out to work well." Ms. Boström-Einarsson said the starfish were mostly water inside and could not tolerate the acidity of the vinegar. "The acid just melts their insides," she said. "It is quite dramatic the way they go and within 24 hours there is just slime left — it is not pretty."

Explain the scientific procedure followed in the article by describing the following:
State the problem
Identify a hypothesis from the article
Identify the procedures used in the experiment
Describe the results