Which moleclues prevents cell membranes from Dissvoling in water?

lipid molecules

Explanation:

lipid molecules prevent membrane from dissolving and they are also known as phospholipids.

A lipid molecule could be imagined as rectangle. With one end i.e the bottom of the lipid molecule that is hydrophilic which means they are water-loving.

The other end of the head of the lipid molecule which is hydrophobic, which is the non-polar and water-fearing end of the molecule.

Within protective layer surrounding the outside cell(Cell membrane) there are large amounts of lipid molecules. Phospholipids are the most abundant that prevent membrane from dissolving.

Water is a polar solvent and prefers dissolving polar molecules such as salt but Lipids is a non polar molecule and can't be dissolved by water the presence in abundance prevents dissolution.

d concave shape of wave rock

explanation:

the concave shape of wave rock is a very good evidence that supports the evolution of earth due to chemical weathering. if we talk about structure of   wave rock, studies have estimated that it is around 2.7 billion years old. it also serves as the foundation of evidence that it was the place where australian continent began to form.

how the structure of wave rock was created?

studies suggest that structure of wave rock was created when the surrounded area was started to weather due to which deposition of material started on the part of land which now contains wave rock.

the structure of wave rock is considered to be one of the best-known landforms in australia. at the height of around 15 cm, there can be found flared slopes which formulate the margins of hyden rock. it is now assumed by geologists that wave rock was created by subsurface water-induced weathering and not by glaciers, waves or wind.

due to deposition of material over the period of long time, the wave rock became tougher and tougher due to weathering from surrounding terrain. this makes it a physical evidence that supports   the evolution of earth due to chemical weathering.

hope it !

kelp are large brown algae that live in cool, relatively shallow waters close to the shore. they grow in dense groupings much like a forest on land. these underwater towers of kelp provide food and shelter for thousands of fish, invertebrates, and marine mammal species.

e) all of the above