A german measles rubella epidemic during the years 1963 to 1965 resulted in approximately 30,000 babies being born with birth defects the specific cause of these birth defects was most likely

In babies born with congenital defects during the German measles rubella epidemic the specific cause of these birth defects was most likely the development of rubella virus infections in embryos.

Explanation:

Options for this question are:

1. The development of rubella virus infections in  embryos.

2. The failure of zygotes infected with rubella to develop

3. Mutations in the nerve cells of pregnant  females at the time of the rubella epidemic .

4. An increase in the amount of time needed for  healthy embryonic development.

Rubella is a viral infection caused by a virus of the genus Rubivirus, considered highly teratogenic during the phases of pregnancy where the embryo and the fetus are developing, that is, before 20 weeks of gestation.

The virus is transferred to the embryo or fetus by the mother's blood, acquiring the disease, which can cause abortions or visible malformations at birth, which is called Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRB).

CRB is responsible for producing cardiovascular, renal, neurological malformations, loss of vision or hearing, problems that German children born during the epidemic probably had.

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Congenytal rubella link

step 1: nitrogen fixation- conversion of atmospheric no₂ into forms useful to plants by lightning, bacteria, and cyanobacteria.

step 2: nitrification-process of converting ammonia to nitrite or nitrate.

step 3: assimilation-plant roots absorb new form of nitrogen.

step 4: ammonification-conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonia by bacteria involved in decomposition.

step 5: denitrification-bacteria turns the decomposed matter back into n₂o, which is released into atmosphere; repeat cycle.