In TOPIC 5, we began adding much more detail to our understanding of the "universal non-kin conflict of interest problem." Which of the following is the most accurate and complete picture of the causal foundation of this problem?

a. Animals inherently, consciously know they have conflicting interests with others because they are genetically different from other individual conspecifics.

b. Natural selection inevitably acts on animal populations to shape individuals to behave as if they have conflicting interests with non-kin conspecifics.

c. Animals inherently, consciously know they have conflicting interests because this behavior pattern was learned (for unknown reasons) in the ancient ancestor of all animals and culturally transmitted.

d. Natural selection inevitably acts on animal populations to shape individuals to behave as if they have conflicting interests with all conspecifics, including close kin.