Consider two hypothetical genes, Aand B. A codes for the trait plant pigment where aa individuals lack all pigment. Gene B codes for bent leaf trait where bb individuals have bent leaves. In the following cross between a heterozygotewith normal plant pigment and straight leavesand homozygousrecessive with no pigment and bent leaves what phenotypic ratios would be attained in the following situations.

(A) AaBb x aabb a. The A and B genes are on separate chromosomes
(B) The A and B genes are on the same chromosomes, but are so close that recombination never occurs between A and B.
(C) The A and B genes are on the same chromosomes, but are so far apart that recombination always occurs between A and B.
(D) The A and B genes are linked on the same chromosomes 10 map units apart.
(E) The A and B genes are linked on the same chromosomes 5 map units apart.

If a cell's main function is to produce proteins to be excreted, which organelles would you expect to be larger

Bisphenol a (often called bpa) is a chemical found in products that people use every day, from water bottles to food containers to children's toys. unfortunately, bpa leaches out of its many products and makes its way into our bodies. what are the health effects of bpa exposure? ongoing research is finding that elevated exposure to bpa can affect a wide variety of developmental and physiological processes, but one of the first studies of bpa's health effects came about because of a simple mistake in the lab. at a laboratory at case western reserve university in 1998, geneticist patricia hunt was making a routine check of her female lab mice. as she extracted and examined developing eggs from the ovaries, she began to wonder what had gone wrong. she noticed that many of the eggs showed problems with their chromosomes, and some had irregular amounts of genetic material, which can lead to miscarriages and birth defects in mammals. she learned that a lab assistant had mistakenly washed the plastic mouse cages and water bottles with a harsh soap, releasing bpa from the plastic. knowing that bpa is an endocrine disruptor, a chemical that can enter organisms and mimic hormones, hunt set out to discover whether it had adversely affected her mice.

In many humans, exposing the skin to sunlight over prolonged periods of time results in the production of more pigment by the skin cells (tanning). this change in skin color provides evidence that -