In mice, a true-breeding female with a normal spine is crossed to a true-breeding male with a crooked spine. All of the F1 offspring have normal spines. The F1 female offspring are then crossed to true-breeding males with a crooked spine. All of the F2 offspring have normal spines. These are observations are consistent with:

Maternal effect and maternal inheritance

Explanation:

These two organelles contain DNA and control certain traits in the offspring. Those phenotypes that are controlled by nuclear factors found in the cytoplasm of the female are said to express a maternal effect. Those phenotypes controlled by organelle genes exhibit maternal inheritance.

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