Everyone is exposed regularly to ionizing radiation found in the soil, water, and air and from cosmic rays. In fact, 80% of the ionizing radiation people are exposed to comes from naturally occurring sources. Ionizing radiation can cause double-strand breaks in the DNA. Often, the DNA breaks have missing nucleotides at the broken ends. What type of repair would likely be used, and what would be the result of repairing this type of damage

Non-homologous end joining

Explanation:

The double-strand breaks are repaired using, non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), in the absence of a homologous sequence, .

Some nucleotide are removed from the ends, produced by the double-strand break and then the two strands are ligated, Ku proteins firstly binds to the ends and it recruits DNA-PKcs, which then recruits the Artemis (a nuclease) , it will remove single-stranded DNA if any in that region then DNA ligase IV ligates the 2 ends.

Since NHEJ results in deletion of few nucleotide,then this is an error-prone repair mechanism

convclusively, Non-homologous end joining would be used to join the DNA, but errors would still remain.

more words for this could be abiotic and biotic

abiotic: living organisms within an ecosystem

biotic: non-living organisms within an ecosystem

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.