Three different homozygous strains of corn that produced ears with white kernels were crossed to each other. In each cross, the F1 plants were all red. When F1 plants are crossed, the F2 offspring show a distribution of 9 red: 7 white plants: parents F1 F2 white 1 x white 2 red 9 red: 7 white white 1 x white3 red 9 red: 7 white white2 x white3 red 9 red: 7 white How many genes are involved in determining kernel color in these strains

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.

12