The Permian period ended and then rapid speciation occurred as new animal and plant forms evolved. The most likely explanation for this is .
I) adaptive radiation
II) ecological opportunity
III) lack of competition
IV) morphological innovation
A) just one of the above
B) two of the above
C) three of the above
D) all of the above

Option (C)

Explanation:

The Permian period refers to the last period of the Paleozoic era, which started about 300 million years back and ended by about 250 million years back. The Permian period was ended by the occurrence of a catastrophic mass extinction event, commonly known as the Permian-Triassic (P-T) boundary.

Soon after this eruption, there occurred rapid evolution of plants and animal species, and this was possible because of the following reasons-

Thus, the correct answer is option (C)- three of the above.

the two answers are a, the population of birds with large beaks will increase on the island, and c, the trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection. the reason for that is because if the birds that have beaks developed for eating small seeds lose all of their food, they will go hungry and eventually starve because they physically cannot eat the large seeds, therefore making the population of large beaked birds higher. also, if the trait of large beaks are dominant on the island over small beaks, then over time the large beaked birds will reproduce more and more, while the smaller beaked birds will reproduce less and less because they can't survive with the food provided. that leads to the trait of small beaks disappearing and the trait of large beaks taking over the island.