When true-breeding mice with brown fur and short tails (BBtt) were crossed to true- breeding mice with white fur and long tails (bbTT), all F1 offspring had brown fur and long tails. The F1 offspring were crossed to mice with white fur and short tails. What are the possible phenotypes of the F2 offspring? Which F2 offspring are recombinant, and which are parental? What are the ratios of the F2 offspring if independent assortment is taking place? How would the ratios affected by linkage?

1) The possible phenotypes of the F2 offspring are: brown fur, short tails; brown fur, long tails; white fur, short tails; and white fur, long tails.

2) The F2 offspring that are recombinants: brown fur, long tails, and white fur, short tails.

The parental are: brown fur, short tails, and white fur, long tails.

3) The ratio of F2 offspring if independent assortment is taking place will occur in a 1:1:1:1 ratio .

4) if linked, there will be a lower percentage of the recombinant offspring.

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a researcher conducts an experiment on the secretion of a particular hormone in mice. scientists inject mice with a substance that stimulates the production of the hormone. the scientists then test the levels of hormones produced by the mice. the tool used to measure the hormones consistently detects the levels at 10 points lower than the actual hormone levels in the mice. this tool makes measurements, but the measurements aren't .

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