Chemical germicides a may react irreversibly with proteins/enzymes. b may react with cytoplasmic membranes or viral envelopes. c may be disinfecting or even sterilizing. d are sensitive to dilution factor, time of contact, and temperature of use. e all the above

All the above.

Explanation:

Chemical germicides may be defined the chemicals used to kill the germs that are harmful for the living organisms. These germicides includes the antiseptic and disinfectant that can be applied on living tissue and non living tissue.

These germicides can be divided into the antifungal, anti bacterial and antimicrobial. These germicides depends on the several factors like time of contact, type of chemical used and temperature. These germicides can react with enzymes or might with the cytoplasmic membrane as well.

Thus, the answer is option (e).

advantage of using stem cells in medical research:

1.       it provides medical benefits in the fields of therapeutic cloning and regenerative medicine.

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3. limbs and organ could be grown in lab from stem cells and then used in transplant or treat illness.