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1. How is salinity affected when melting increases and when precipitation increases.

Note that a sharp change in temperature with depth is called a thermocline. Salinity of seawater is affected by evaporation, precipitation, ice formation, and ice melting. ... Precipitation and river input decrease salinity because the input of freshwater dilutes the salts in seawater, thus decreasing their concentration.

Explanation:

from google

when the displaced particles are perpendicular to the direction the wave travels, is called a transverse wave, whereas in longitudinal wave the displace practices are parallel to the direction of the wave.

in the given image:

first image shows - longitudinal wave

second image shows - transverse wave

third image shows - longitudinal wave

fourth image shows - longitudinal wave