The spindle forms, chromosomes condense, the nuclear envelope fragments, the nucleolus disappears, homologous chromosomes pair off, and crossing-over occurs during

Prophase 1

Explanation:

Nuclear division is about to occur, nucleolus disappear, fragmentation of the nuclear envelope takes place.

The centrosomes apart from each other and the spindle fiber assembles.

Crossing over may take place at this time by the end of which the sister chromatids are no longer identical.

All of these events takes place during the prophase 1 stage of meiosis.

i would go with b

cytokinesis occurs after telophase so that eliminates d

and the entire reason for cytokinesis is for cellular reproduction

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.