Tenrecs, echidnas and hedgehogs are examples of unrelated organisms that have all evolved spines. explain the advantage of this adaptation to these animals and why might it have evolved?

The advantages of spines in these unrelated organisms are as follows:

- for escape and defence

- for regulations of body temperature

- for conservation of water

Explanation:

The evolution of spines in Tenrecs, echidnas and hedgehogs represent STRUCTURAL ADAPTATION i.e when a part of the body of a living organism undergoes changes to become structurally adapted to its mode of life.

- The evolved spines in hedgehogs are for physical defence

- in tenrecs, they are for physical defense

it enhances antibody production by t cells of the adaptive immune system.

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explanation:

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what do the different brain waves do?

explanation:

brainwaves are produced by synchronised electrical pulses from masses of neurons communicating with each other. brainwaves are detected using sensors placed on the scalp. brainwave speed is measured in hertz (cycles per second) and they are divided into bands delineating slow, moderate, and fast waves.