Valinomycin is an antibiotic which is ableto trnsport ions across cell membranes and disrupt the ionic balance of the cell. find out the structure of valinomycin and explain why it is able to carry out this task.

Valinomycin is an antibiotic that are mainly used against the bacteria streptomycin. The valinomycin might also acts as the ionophore used for the regulation of the ions transport.

Only some selected particles can pass down to the plasma membrane. The hydrophobic molecule can easily cross the plasma membrane. Valinomycin is hydrophobic on its exterior surface and easily diffuse through the cell membrane. Valinomycin is hydrophillic from the interior surface and used for the encapsulation of the polar ions.

white blood cells or wbc s are mainly 2 types-

1.agranulocytes

2.granulocytes

the monocytes or macrophages of agranulocytes , dendritic cells which are accessory leucocytes, and b cells which is one type of lymphocytes   identify the antigens present on the pathogen's surface. these three cells are called antigen presenting cells(apc) which are phagocytes and destroy the antigens by secreting antitoxins. besides this leukocyte is always plays vital role in the immunity of the body.

the electromagnetic energy from the sun arrives in the form of visible and invisible light.