Why does a protein not function after it has been denatured? a. the normal bonding between the r groups has been disturbed and the protein loses its normal shape. b. the normal bonding between the beta sheets has been disturbed and the protein loses its normal shape. c. the normal bonding between the hydrogens in the alpha helix has been disturbed and the protein loses its normal shape. d. the r groups form additional bonds causing the structure to become more compact. e. the normal peptide bonds are ruptured and the individual amino acids are not held together any more

The correct answer is C.  The normal bonding between the hydrogens in the alpha helix has been disturbed and the protein loses its normal shape.

Explanation:

Protein becomes nonfunctional when it gets denatured. A functional protein contains alpha helix and beta sheets which represents the secondary structure of proteins. Both of these structures are stabilized by hydrogen bonds. They helps in providing a native structure of a protein

When this native structure is lost the protein becomes denatured. The breaking of hydrogen bond destabilizes the secondary structure like alpha helix which results in losing protein shape and function which is called protein denaturation. So the right answer is C.

c. earths continental crust is thicker than its lithosphere.

because, the lithosphere is the outermost layer of the earth/ 100 km thick and is defined by its machanical properties.the lithosphere contains oceanic and continental crust that varies in age and thickness across locations and geologic time. the lithosphere is the coolest layer of the earth in terms of temperature. the term lithosphere should not be confused with the use of "geosphere" which is used to indicate all of earth systems, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere   and biosphere. the surface of the earth can be divided into the continental crust and the oceanic crust.   the continental crust is made mostly of granite while the oceanic crust is made of basalt. the average thickness of the continental crust is 25 miles and the average thickness of the oceanic crust is 5 miles.   three types of rock, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, make up the surface of the earth. that's why 3 option is preferable.