When the archer releases the arrow, the [blank] energy in the bow string transforms into [blank] energy for the arrow.

potential energy, kinetic energy

Explanation:

potential energy is the energy held by an object because of its position. kinetic energy is energy in motion. when the bow is being drawn back it has potential energy because of its position and that at any moment it can be converted into kinetic energy.

when the displaced particles are perpendicular to the direction the wave travels, is called a transverse wave, whereas in longitudinal wave the displace practices are parallel to the direction of the wave.

in the given image:

first image shows - longitudinal wave

second image shows - transverse wave

third image shows - longitudinal wave

fourth image shows - longitudinal wave

i'd have to say the answer is probable the second option "the geosphere interacting with the atmosphere"