Where are the proteins for a cell made?

The proteins for a cell made in the cells ribosomes

Proteins are made inside the cells. Protein synthesis is the condition where a cell makes a protein. The instructions how to make a protein are held in DNA molecules inside the cell nucleus. The two major stages in making a protein are called transcription and translation.

Transcription is when the cell makes a copy or "transcript" of the DNA. The copy of DNA is called RNA. It is used in the next step, which is called translation.

The next step in making a protein is called translation, where the RNA is converted or "translated"  into a amino acids sequence that makes up the protein.

The proteins for a cell made in the cells ribosomes.

When the cell needs to make a protein, mRNA created in the nucleus. Then mRNA is sent out of the nucleus and to the ribosomes. When it is time to make the protein, the two subunits come together and combine with the mRNA. Then the subunits lock onto the mRNA and it start the synthesis of protein.

Grade:  9

Subject:  biology

Chapter:  proteins

Keywords:  transcription, translation

The ribosomes are the organelles in which the proteins are made. Except for red blood cells (RCBs), all the other cells in the body make protein as each cell is made up of protein. The DNA present in the nucleus instructs the ribosomes in the cells to synthesize proteins.

Further Explanation:

The ribosomes are involved in the synthesis of proteins by taking part in the translation process. During translation, the nucleotide triplet or codon sequence present in the messenger RNA is read by the ribosome and translated into an amino acid sequence to form proteins.

The ribosomes are composed of one large subunit which creates a polypeptide chain that links the amino acids together and a small which reads the codon sequence in the mRNA. They are present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The prokaryotes have no membrane-enclosed organelles, therefore the ribosomes are found floating free in the cytosol. While in eukaryotes, the ribosomes are present within the nucleus, surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as free ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell.

In eukaryotes, the large and the small subunit of the ribosome has been identified as 60S and 40S subunit respectively whereas, 50S and 30S are the respective large and small subunits present in the prokaryotes.

The overall protein synthesis involves two processes: transcription and translation. During transcription, the information present in the DNA is copied and transcribed into mRNA. This mRNA sequence is used during translation to be translated into desired protein.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Protein Synthesis

Keywords:

Ribosomes, protein synthesis, translation, mRNA, codon, membrane-enclosed organelles, prokaryotes, eukaryotes, transcription.

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