The role of factors like water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, clouds, plants and sands in the atmosphere, and how they are affected by the wind is explained below (see the image/document).
Explanation:
Wind is formed when the air flows from high pressure region to low pressure region in the atmosphere.
Carbon is one of the essential building blocks of organic life which forms Carbon dioxide in atmosphere, a greenhouse gas that keeps the earth warm and protects the life. CO2 is used for photosynthesis in plants. The transport of carbon rich water from the deep Pacific Ocean to the surface of the Southern Ocean is enhanced by the stronger winds. As a result, the Southern Ocean emits a huge amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Nitrogen is an essential element for all living things to make amino acids, proteins and DNA. The plants synthesize proteins from nitrogen compounds like ammonia and nitrates produced by nitrogen fixation in the soil. The wind increases the availability of Nitrogen to ecosystems by the dry deposition of nitrogen compounds onto ecosystems.
Phosphorus, which is almost completely bound to soil particles plays an important role in the normal growth and maturity of plants. It is an essential element in cellular compounds like the DNA and the ATP molecules. It also helps in photosynthesis, respiration, energy storage and transfer, cell division, cell enlargement etc. Wind erosion (movement of soil from one place to another by wind) causes the transport of fine soil particles and the phosphorous in them to another area, and as a result it can be found as very small dust particles in the atmosphere.
Decomposition of organic matter helps in the formation of water, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon cycles. They provide nutrients and also improves the water holding capacity of soil. Wind erosion removes organic matter from the soil and thus reduces the soil quality.
Clouds absorb heat emitted from the surface and radiate it to space, and also reflect sun light. Thus, they are also responsible for the warming and cooling effect of the earth's atmosphere. They also supply water to the earth’s surface by forming precipitation (rain). The wind causes the movement of clouds from one location to another. It also helps to form the shape and appearance of the cloud.
Plants help to maintain the atmosphere by producing oxygen and absorbing carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. They also help in the formation of water, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon cycles. The wind helps in the dispersal of seeds, spores, pollen etc, and also increases the carbon dioxide supply to plants. The light wind helps the plants to grow sturdier while the strong winds can damage them.
The sand or the soil helps in maintaining the atmospheric conditions by emitting and absorbing gases and dust. It has an impact on atmospheric radiation balance, regional precipitation, hurricane activities etc. The effect of wind on sand is that it causes dust storms, wind erosion and sand drift. It also helps to form sand dunes.
