For the data set below, determine whether the genotype frequencies represent a population in hardy-weinberg equilibrium.(the significant digits allow you to assume you can have an exactly representative sample of 1000 individuals. the critical value at probability 0.05 with (only) one degree of freedom is 3.84.) you will use a chi-squared test and answer the questions below.

genotype: aa aa aa

frequency: 0.312 0.335 0.353

a. let p = frequency of the "a" allele and q = the frequency of the "a" allele. within a perfectly representative sample of 1000 individuals, how many "a" alleles would there be?

b. therefore, what is the value of p?

c. after finding the actual values of p and q, what are the expected values of individuals with the genotypes aa, aa and aa?

d. what is your chi-squared value? e. is this population in hardy-weinberg equilibrium?

Proteins are the workhorses of the cell, controlling virtually every reaction within as well as providing structure and serving as signals to other cells. proteins are long chains of  amino acids  , and the exact sequence of the amino acids determines the final structure and function of the protein. instructions for that sequence are encoded in  genes  . to make a particular protein, a messenger ribonucleic acid (mrna) copy is made from the gene (in the process called  transcription  ), and the mrna is transported to the  ribosome  . protein synthesis, also called  translation  , begins when the two ribosomal subunits link onto the mrna. this step, called initiation, is followed by elongation, in which successive amino acids are added to the growing chain, brought in by transfer rnas (trnas). in this step, the ribosome reads the  nucleotides  of mrna three by three, in units called  codons  , and matches each to three nucleotides on the trna, called the anticodon. finally, during termination, the ribosome unbinds from the mrna, and the  amino acid  chain goes on to be processed and folded to make the final, functional protein

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