The area of earth science that examines the physical and biological changes that have occurred in earth’s past is called

astronomy
meteorology
physical geology
historical geology

History Geology

Explanation:

Geology is one of the Earth sciences. It studies the earth's crust, the matter that composes it, its formation mechanism, the changes that occur on it and the structure that its surface has. Geology was essential to determine the age of the Earth, which was estimated to be about 4.6 billion years old, and to develop the theory called plate tectonics.

Geology is a science that is divided into several categories. One of these categories is called historical geology, which refers to the study of eras, periods and geological ages. In other words, historical geology is the area of geology that examines the physical and biological changes that have occurred in the Earth's past.