Taller trees have a canopy arrangement of leaves where the upper leaves tend to be smaller than the ones below them. how does this arrangement of leaves benefit the plant?

Which of the following is most important in making the typical seed more resistant to adverse conditions than the typical spore? a) a different type of sporopollenin b) an internal reservoir of liquid water c) integument(s) d) ability to be dispersed e) waxy cuticle

List the advantages and disadavantages of the switch from persistent chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides (such as ddt) to nonpersistent organophosphate pesicides. have the benefits of the switch outweighed the disadvantages? explain.

Approximately 90% of all cases of polycystic kidney disease are inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. the disease is typically related to mutations to genes (pkd1 and pkd2). pkd genes can be found on chromosome 16. the disease occurs in approximately 1: 800 to 1: 1000 people. here is a hypothetical example. the dominant allele d will cause the development of pkd. the recessive allele is known as d. what genotypes would correspond to suffering from pkd? dd, dd what genotypes would correspond to being normal (not suffering from pkd)? dd consider that 1: 1,000 people have pkd in your population of 325million. consider that pkd is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. show you math for all of the following questions: what is the genotypic frequency for dd? what is the genotypic frequency for dd? what is the genotypic frequency for dd? what is p? what is q? how many people in your population would have pkd?