The treatment phase for substance abuse generally consists of:
a. detoxification (removal of physical dependence on drugs from body).
b. stabilization (treating the psychological craving for the drug).
c. aftercare ( the user to obtain education or job training, find a job, and remain drug free).
d. all of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

Explanation:

Depending on the institution, substance-abuse treatments may vary in regard to duration and phases. Generally, treatments for substance abuse consist of four phases:

Initiation: This first stage focuses on providing helpful information to the person/patient about all treatments and options. During this phase, the person goes through a process of detoxification, that is, preventing them from using the drug to remove their dependence.Abstinence - first phase: This stage is one of the most difficult ones as the person usually exhibits a variety of emotions associated with depression, sadness, anxiety because of the withdrawal of the drug. During this phase, they received psychological help to prevent any relapse and to become more stable, that is, to control drug cravings.Abstinence - second phase: This stage is focused on maintaining abstinence and stability. In conjunction with the second phase, this is also difficult but rewarding. The person receives behavioral therapy so he/she can acknowledge how the drug intake resulted in numerous issues and, in contrast, stopping its use can change her/his life in a diversity of positive ways.Aftercare: This stage focuses on long-term goals and, through therapy and counselling, helps the person to obtain education, find a job, and continue their stability and abstinence.

D.) domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species