Recall that zajonc placed cockroaches either in a complex maze or a simple maze. he created three other conditions as well. any given cockroach was induced to navigate the maze (a) entirely alone, (b) in the presence of an "audience" of cockroaches, or (c) simultaneously with another cockroach (but without an audience). the audience condition (b) permitted zajonc to demonstrate whether:
a. audiences pay attention to competitors.
b. the mere presence of others can facilitate or hinder performance.
c. complex tasks are performed less well than simple tasks.
d. competitive situations are preferred over solitary situations.