What is diffuse coevolution, and how can it be distinguished from coevolution?

(a) describe the following terms: ecological niche, fundamental niche, and realized niche.

(b) which is the primary factor driving phenotypic divergence?

(c) what is urban ecology?

(d) what is biotic homogenization?

Diffuse coevolution occurs where the evolution process is reciprocal among a group of species instead of two.

For example: Coevolution of long tubed bees and flowers.

Coevolution is the formation of two/more species in which the changes in each species influence the formation of other species.

a) Ecological niche is the position of a species in an ecosystem, and it describes the conditions necessary for existence of the species.

“Fundamental niche” is the conditions under which a population/species can survive  and reproduce.

Realized niche is the conditions used by given a population/species after their communication with other species.

b) Phenotypic divergence within a community/ population is the genetic variation in terms of phenotypic traits. Resource competition is the primary factor driving “phenotypic divergence”.

c) Urban ecology is the study of the relation between living organisms and their surroundings.

d) Biotic homogenization is a process in which two or more communities become similar over time. It starts due to the extinction of an existing species and invasion of a new species.

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