Arare autosomal recessive disorder causes pink hair. a non-carrier male and an affected female marry. consider the following pedigree and rflp analysis prepared using hindiii, southern blot, and a probe with a human sequence known to hybridize to sequences closely linked to the gene responsible for this disorder. a. diagram each of the different haplotypes (group of markers that tend to be transmitted together because of linkage) of i-1 and i-2 showing the restriction map and fragment lengths. show all hindiii restriction sites on each map. b. on the restriction map, indicate the area to which the radioactive probe must hybridize in order to detect the fragments seen by southern analysis. c. to which haplotypes (essentially pattern of each chromosome) does the mutant allele of the gene seem to be linked in this family. d. why does individual iii-1 only show one band in the rflp analysis? e. which individuals are probably carriers?

With the description of the different cell walls, membranes, and associated proteins set in the students' minds, you now need to introduce them to the idea that the cell wall can also act as a foundation to build things upon. bacterial appendages require a strong foundation that will offer the support needed to move and function in a dynamic world. for example, flagella are long, whiplike protein structures that are used by many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for locomotion. in order to function effectively, a flagellum must be firmly anchored to the cell wall. how will you be able to get across the idea that the peptidoglycan cell wall is strong enough to support such a mechanism? with a protein rod that passes through the cell wall and protein rings used to anchor it in the membranes, these basal bodies are the rudimentary biological motors that use atp power to spin the hook and the flagella attached to it. bacterial flagella have a biological motor that spins within the cell wall and is powered by atp. this allows the flagella to spin in a whiplike motion to propel the bacterium.

The collared lizard is a species found in the desert southwest. male collared lizards show considerable color variation, ranging from brightly colored to a very dull pattern. your goal is to determine the function, if any, of male color patterns in collared lizards, using the scientific method. your tentative explanation is that male color plays a role in attracting females for mating purposes. you predict that females will preferentially choose brightly colored males over dull-colored ones. to test this prediction, you observed the interactions of female collared lizards with their male counterparts. you selected males that were the same age and size, and that differed only in their coloration pattern. you placed equal numbers of the two types of male lizards, bright and dull, in aquariums, along with one female lizard per aquarium. out of 350 aquariums observed, the female chose to mate with the brightly colored male 277 times, and the dull-colored male 70 times. in 3 instances, the females did not mate with either type. create a bar graph of your data, plotting the type of male (dull or brightly colored) on the x-axis. on the y-axis, plot the frequency with which each type of male was chosen by females. using this graph, answer the following question(s). is it reasonable to conclude (i.e., is it supported by the data) that female collared lizards prefer more brightly colored male lizards over dull-colored males?

Which are characteristics of flukes? check all that apply. a they are free living. b they are a type of flatworm. c they reproduce sexually. d they have eyespots. e they are segmented.