When the comb jelly, mnemiopsis leidyi, was introduced into the black sea, its population exploded to 500 comb jellies per cubic yard in 1988. the jellies devoured all the zooplankton and fish larvae, drastically reducing the numbers of the native fish populations. this situation demonstrates

Which of the following choices is not an effective solution to the energy waste related to inefficient lighting? a. using low-pressure sodium lighting sources b. pointing lights on billboards and street signs upward c. placing light sources on time controls d. shielding light to direct it downward

What role do traits play in affecting an organisms ability to reproduce? finches

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).