Q5: does a child inherit 50% of all their dna from mom and 50% from dad?

Not. First of all on the dna studies, the human inherit more dna from the father  than of the mother.

Explanation:

That's why in a lot of cases, the genetics studies proof that the sperm contains the most DNA formula for the foundation with the ovum.

It happens in all the creatures. In animals is the same way.

But it is not th 50% of DNA from mom and 50% from dad. In another genetics studies you can learn about the chromosomes and how mom and dad thogeter select in a free way the information, like the genetic base and that is inherit but can be more from one than the other parent.

So, finally is not proof that you inherit as the equal percentage DNA from both parents.

phylogenetic tree is the tree of life or evolution tree. it shows the different branches of evolution. the sequence goes like tissues - coelom - backbone - endoskeleton - segmentation

idk im sorry.