What is energy coupling?
a. the hydrolysis of atp to adp+p.
b. a barrier to the initiation of a reaction.
c. the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.
d. the use of an enzyme to reduce activation energy.
e. a description of the energetic relationship between the reactants and products in an exergonic reaction.

c: the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.

Explanation:

Energy coupling is a process involving two reactions whereby one of the reactions generate energy, and the generated energy is used to drive the other reaction.

A reaction during which energy is generated is referred to as exergonic reaction while one in which energy is consumed is known as endergonic reaction. Hence, energy coupling can also be viewed as a process linking exergonic and endergonic reactions whereby the energy released in the former is used up by the latter.

A good example is illustrated by the light dependent and light independent reactions of photosynthesis during which the ATP and NADPH produced during the light dependent reaction is used to fix carbon dioxide in the light independent reaction.

The correct answer is C.

a fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing energy originating in ancient photosynthesis.[1] the age of the organisms and their resulting fossil fuels is typically millions of years, and sometimes exceeds 650 million years.[2] fossil fuels contain high percentages of carbon and include petroleum, coal, and natural gas.[3] other commonly used derivatives include kerosene and propane. fossil fuels range from volatile materials with low carbon to hydrogen ratios like methane, to liquids like petroleum, to nonvolatile materials composed of almost pure carbon, like anthracite coal. methane can be found in hydrocarbon fields either alone, associated with oil, or in the form of methane clathrates.

the theory that fossil fuels formed from the fossilized remains of dead plants by exposure to heat and pressure in the earth's crust over millions of years was first introduced by andreas libavius "in his 1597 alchemia [alchymia]" and later by mikhail lomonosov "as early as 1757 and certainly by 1763".[4] the first use of the term "fossil fuel" was by the german chemist caspar neumann, in english translation in 1759.[5]

in 2017 the world's primary energy sources consisted of petroleum (34%), coal (28%), natural gas (23%), amounting to an 85% share for fossil fuels in primary energy consumption in the world.[6] non-fossil sources in 2006 included nuclear (8.5%), hydroelectric (6.3%), and others (geothermal, solar, tidal, wind, wood, waste) amounting to 0.9%.[7] world energy consumption was growing at about 2.3% per year. in 2015 about 18% of worldwide consumption was from renewable sources.[8]