Epinephrine is a protein hormone found in many animals. epinephrine stimulates a signaling pathway that results in the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver cells. which of the following describes the initial steps in the process whereby epinephrine stimulates glycogen breakdown? a) epinephrine binds to a cell-surface receptor; the activated receptor stimulates production of the second messenger, camp. b) epinephrine binds to a cell-surface receptor; the activated receptor catalyzes the conversion of glycogen to glucose. c) epinephrine diffuses through the plasma membrane; the hormone dimerizes in the cytosol. d) epinephrine is taken into the cell by endocytosis; glycogen is converted to glucose in the endocytotic vesicle.

A

Explanation:

In situations of fight or flight response, the emergency need for energy initiate the break-down of glycogen to glucose. The initial step involves Epinephrine a hormone being released by the adrenal gland.

A signal is initiated when epinephrine binds to a G-protein epinephrine receptor on the surface of liver cells. The receptor molecules then stimulate an enzyme called adenylyl cyclase which converts significant amount of ATP molecules into cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). cAMP convey the initial message of epinephrine into the cell hence they are called second messengers.

Answer is A

sheep is a herbivore animal whereas grasshopper belongs to the class chordates but both of them feed on greens.  

if grasshopper and sheep feeding on a pasture land, i do not think both of them will have any impact on each other. however, the number of the species can make difference. since sheep feed on greens, there is a possibility there left no pasture land for the grasshoppers or they may get extinct.

evidence and logical support is essential for a scientist to do in order to maintain credibility. this is because no one can believe without any logic and without any evidence.hence a scientist can maintain credibility by proving himself and by answering logically so experiments prove very beneficial. logical hypothesis give conclusion which is acceptable. therefore, there are two main factors to maintain credibility by a scientist is evidence and logical support.