For a typical vertebrate cell the transmembrane potential is about -60 mv (inside negative). the concentration of na+ inside the cell is 15 mm, and that in the blood plasma is 150 mm. what is the free-energy change for transporting 1 mole of na+ out of the cell to the blood at 37 c? assuming this sodium gradient is coupled to the transport of glucose by a na+ glucose transporter, which transport 1 mole of glucose inside the cell along with 2 moles of na+ ion. what is the maximum glucose gradient can the na+ transporter work against?

a

explanation:

many plants naturally reproduce this way, but it can also be induced artificially. horticulturalists have developed asexual propagation techniques that use vegetative plant parts to replicate plants. success rates and difficulty of propagation vary greatly. monocotyledons typically lack a vascular cambium and therefore are harder to propagate.

both male and female gametes are produced by meiosis of the germ cells. therefore, both male and female gametes are haploid. one male and one female gamete unite during the fertilization to form the diploid zygote. in seed bearing plants, pollen grain is the male gametophyte, which produces sperm cells.