Which of the following is the role of fossil fuels in the carbon cycle?

Explanation:

The two largest carbon pools on Earth are lithosphere and fossil fuels, which account for about 99.9% of the Earth's total carbon. The carbon activity in these two libraries is slow and actually acts as a repository. There are also three carbon pools on Earth: the atmospheric reservoir, the hydrosphere reservoir, and the biological reservoir. The carbon in these three libraries is rapidly exchanged between biological and inorganic environments, with small and active capacity, and actually acts as a exchange library.

Carbon is mainly present in the form of carbonates in the lithosphere, with a total amount of 2.7×1016 t; in the form of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere, the total amount is 2×1012 t; in various forms in the hydrosphere There are hundreds of bioorganic organics present in the biobank. The form of existence of these substances is regulated by various factors.

In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide is the main gas containing carbon and is the main form of carbon involved in the circulation of matter. In the biobank, the forest is the main absorber of carbon, and it has twice as much carbon as other vegetation types. The forest is the main reservoir of carbon in the biological reservoir, and the storage capacity is about 4.82×1011 t, which is equivalent to 2/3 of the atmospheric carbon content.

The rate at which plants, photosynthesizing microorganisms absorb carbon from the atmosphere through photosynthesis, is roughly equal to the rate at which carbon is released into the atmosphere through the respiration of organisms. Therefore, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is quite comparable before being disturbed by human activities. stable. Considering nature fires, plants and other carbon curing are more than carbon gasification caused by animals. Petroleum coal is a by-product of carbon solidification.

Since the successful acquisition of human embryonic stem cells in 1998, scientists have begun to study the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with stem cells. The possible mechanisms of stem cell therapy for AD include repairing and replacing damaged neurons, reconstructing neural circuits and functions, secreting trophic factors, and inhibiting amyloid protein formation. Using stem cells to treat AD is rapidly gaining momentum and considered to be the most potential treatment option for radical curing of this disease, as animal model-based researches indicate optimistic results, in addition, the world’s first stem cell drug derived from mesenchymal stem cells has been approved for the treatment of AD. Nonetheless, it is necessary to study the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy prior to human clinical trials.

https://www.creativebiomart.net/alzheimacy/therapeutics/stem-cell-therapy/

the answer that best describes the relative refractory period in the neuron is the resting membrane potential is restored, but concentrations of sodium and potassium are not restored to their original state.

the refractory period is the time during which another stimulus given to the neuron will not lead to a second potential. thus, because na+ channels are inactivated during this time, additional depolarizing stimuli do not lead to new action potentials.  

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