Peppered moths vary in color from light gray to almost black. the color of any moth depends on how many black spots are found on its wings. the name "peppered" refers to these black spots. during the day, the moths rest on trees. in england where the moths live, many light gray trees were covered with soot that came from the smoke stacks of factories. the trees got darker and darker from the soot. over time, the moth coloration became darker. consider the graphic of the moths. although not the peppered species, they are spotted and show variation in coloration. note the ancestral moth species. predict a situation where the ancestral species diverges into two additional species, now resulting in three, rather than one moth species in the area. a) mutations in the moth dna resulted in variation. overtime, those mutations were passed to offspring. different species evolved over time. b) the environment changed over time. some moths were able to survive the changes; others were not. eventually, the ancestral species became extinct and two surviving species replaced it. c) variation in the ancestral species existed. depending on the habitat, certain coloration variations provided better camouflage to escape predation. over time, different species evolved. d) variation in the ancestral species existed. depending on the habitat, different food resources were available. the anatomy of the moths varied and some were able to eat the food available; other were not. over time, different species evolved.

A) Mutations in the moth DNA resulted in variation. Overtime, those mutations were passed to offspring. Different species evolved over time.

Explanation:

Members of a species especially those reproduced sexually show certain variations. Some of these variations are caused by genes hence can be inherited. Some of the inherited variations make individuals possessing them better suited to the prevailing environmental conditions. The better adapted individuals survive and reach reproductive age and pass over their favourable characteristics to their offspring. Over a long period of time, natural selection makes individuals of a species to evolve new different species that are better adapted to their environment.

corona the outer atmosphere of the sun, temp. may reach 2,000,000 c

chromosphere middle layer of the sun's atmosphere

photosphere visible surface of the sun

convection zone layer of the sun which energy travels by convection from the radiative zone to the photosphere

radiative zone layer of the sun which energy is transferred away from the core by radiation

core very dense center of the sun

nuclear fusion process by which tow or more low-mass atomic nuclei fuse to form another, heavier nucleus.

radiation when energy is transferred as electromagnetic waves

convection the process in which heat is transferred by the circulation or movement of matter

differential rotation the way the sun rotates, rotating faster at its equator than at higher latitudes

sunspots dark areas that form on the surface of the sun

solar flare an explosive release of energy that can extend outward

prominences huge loops of cool gas that extend outward from the photosphere

good one: produce hormones that plants grow.

bad one: the problem with organic matter is that while plant nutrients are needed for crop growth, they can also stimulate excessive growth of the wrong plants – mainly, algae.