2. in the citric acid cycle, malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate by the enzyme malate dehydrogenase, which uses nad+ as an electron acceptor. in cells, the ratio of [nad+]/[nadh] is kept very high. given the following standard reduction potentials, explain why it is so important for cells to maintain this ratio. justify your answer with words, equations and diagrams.

NAD+ act both as coenzyme as well as electron acceptor compound and get reduced to NADH by accepting electron.

Explanation:

NAD+ act as co enzyme of various biological catalyst such as malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase etc.

             NAD+ can act as co enzyme only in its oxidized form but not in its reduced form called NADH.

         Many reaction needs NAD+ to occur such as conversion of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate to 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate, malate to oxaloacetate.

              That"s why NAD+/NADH ratio is kept very high because if this ratio bychance get  low then it will hamper the normal redox potential of NAD+/NADH.As a result many biochemical reaction will not take place.

b tumor cells have a cell wall instead of a membrane

explanation:

tumor cells different from normal cells because tumor cells have a cell wall instead of a membrane.

the answer is d. embryo