Wild-type fruit flies have red eyes. a white-eyed female fly is crossed with a red-eyed male fly. all of the females from the cross are red-eyed and all of the males are white-eyed. what type of inheritance pattern is this?

Sex-linked inheritence

Explanation:

The eye colored gene must be linked in the X Chromosome.

Morgan studied this kind of inheritence, with Drosofila melanogaster.  The first white-eyed fly he found was male, and when this fly was crossed with normal, red-eyed female flies, the F1 offspring were all red-eyed, telling Morgan that the white allele was recessive.

But when the F1 flies were crossed:  All of the female F2 were red-eyed, while about half of the male F2 were white.eyed.  

c. earths continental crust is thicker than its lithosphere.

because, the lithosphere is the outermost layer of the earth/ 100 km thick and is defined by its machanical properties.the lithosphere contains oceanic and continental crust that varies in age and thickness across locations and geologic time. the lithosphere is the coolest layer of the earth in terms of temperature. the term lithosphere should not be confused with the use of "geosphere" which is used to indicate all of earth systems, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere   and biosphere. the surface of the earth can be divided into the continental crust and the oceanic crust.   the continental crust is made mostly of granite while the oceanic crust is made of basalt. the average thickness of the continental crust is 25 miles and the average thickness of the oceanic crust is 5 miles.   three types of rock, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, make up the surface of the earth. that's why 3 option is preferable.