1. the process that occurs when physical forces break
rock into smaller pieces without changing the
rock's chemical composition is called

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

What are antigens and antibodies? how are they involved in the body’s response to incompatible blood?

Which plate boundary causes plates to collide forming mountain ranges, volcanoes, and island arcs? give an example of this type of plate boundary. 2. at which plate boundary do rifts and mid-oceans ridges form? give an example of this type of plate boundary. 3. at which plate boundary do plates slide past each other while moving in opposite directions? give an example of this type of boundary.