The protists are considered a paraphyletic group because:
a. it includes the plants.
b. does not include the archea.
c. does not include the bacteria and archea.
d. it includes the apicomplexa.
e. it does not include plants, animals and fungi

The correct answer is E. It does not include Plants, Animals, and Fungi

Explanation:

In biology, a group of species or organisms is called a paraphyletic group in the case they all derive from the same ancestor, but the group excludes one or more groups or species of organisms, usually because despite these derive from the same ancestor are slightly different from others. Protists (eukaryotic organisms) are considered a paraphyletic group because protists include all kinds of eukaryotic organisms that derive from the same ancestor but excludes plants, animals, and fungi even though this originated from the same ancestor. Thus, protists are a paraphyletic group because "it does not include Plants, Animals, and Fungi".

this protocol provides a detailed procedure for co-immunoprecipitation (co-ip) to identify protein–protein interactions.

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explanation: