What determines the unique characteristics of each amino acid?

Each amino- acid contain carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. All the amino- acids are mostly the same by structure because all contain a carbon atom in its center, an amine group, and a carboxyl group.

The unique characteristics that each amino acid has is determined by the R group(side chain) which is attached to its alpha carbon. The R group in each amino acid is different from others.  

The simplest amino acid is glycine which does not have any R group so it has a hydrogen atom in place of the R group. So side chain(R group) determines the unique characteristics of each amino acid.

it's the cell cycle, but cytokines is when the cell divides.

theres 3 stages interphase,mitosis,and cytokines.

interphase prepares the cell for division.

mitosis is the process of dividing the cell,it has 4 parts interphase,anaphase,metaphase,and telophase.

lastly there's cytokines,that's when the cell divides into 2 daughter cells