A41-year-old pregnant female miscarries in her first trimester. a karyotype shows that the fetus had 45 chromosomes. which of the following describes this condition?
a. euploidy
b. triploidy
c. tetraploidy
d. aneuploidy

D. Aneuploidy

Explanation:

Aneuploidy refers to the presence of extra or missing copies of specific chromosomes. The presence of one extra copy of a chromosome is referred to as trisomy. The absence of one copy of a chromosome is called monosomy. According to the given information, the fetus has 45 chromosomes while the humans have a total of 46 chromosomes. This means that the fetus was monosomic (aneuploid) for a chromosome.

enzyme active site and substrate specificity

enzymes bind with chemical reactants called substrates. there may be one or more substrates for each type of enzyme, depending on the particular chemical reaction. in some reactions, a single-reactant substrate is broken down into multiple products