What is the dark organic rich material formed as a top layer in soil from the decayed remains of plants and animals

Dark rich organic material formed as a top layer in soil from the decayed remains of plants and animals is called humus.  

Explanation:

When dead parts of plants and animals are deposited in soil the decomposing bacteria present in the soil act on these remains and break them down.  

Plant and animal bodies contain organic compounds which are broken down into inorganic nutrients by the decomposers. These nutrients are taken up by producers and the nutrients restart their journey in the food chain.  

Humus is identified by its rich dark color. The amount of humus decides how fertile the soil is. More the humus content fertile is the soil.  

the transfer of energy between two molecules spaced just nanometers apart plays a key role in many technologies, including photovoltaics, quantum information systems, lighting, and sensors, as well as in biophysics to measure nanometer distances and in photosynthesis. but an open question in this area is what effect, if any, the surrounding photonic environment has on this nanoscale energy transfer. by designing and performing a carefully controlled experiment to answer this question, scientists have settled the debate and found clues to improving the efficiency of many of the technologies that rely on this process.

explanation:

emerald ash borer

the emerald ash borer is a green buprestid or jewel beetle native to north-eastern asia that feeds on ash species. females lay eggs in bark crevices on ash trees, and larvae feed underneath the bark of ash trees to emerge as adults in one to two years. hope this !