Generation of proton gradients across membranes occurs duringa) photosynthesis. b) respiration. c) both photosynthesis and respiration. d) neither photosynthesis nor respiration. e) photorespiration

the correct answer is option b

behavioral response need communication and thus co-ordination at several levels such as interaction among cells, organ system and the entire organism.

behavioral response produces both internal and environmental stimulus.

any abiotic or biotic factor in an ecosystem that causes a population's size to slow or decrease is a limiting factor.