What process occurs in box a?
a. a scheme of cellular respiration. at box a, which is located in the cytosol, glucose turns into pyruvate with release of atp and electrons carried by nadh.
b. pyruvate from this stage is used in a cycle in box b, which is located in the mitochondrion.
c. as a result, atp, co2, and electrons carried by nadh and fadh2 are released.
d. the electrons carried by nadh and fadh2 from boxes a and b are used in box c (inside the mitochondrion) for transformation of a substance marked d (that comes from the cytosol) into a substance marked e (released to the cytosol) with release of atp.

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

What is the most abundant vertebrate on earth?

Just a quick question. will give pointswhat is the root word of "blood."it is written in my homework as hemat(o) : blood.so, should i write that the root word as hemat or hemato or hemat(o). i'm really confused.